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The Elephant Celebes
Max Ernst, 1921
Oil on canvas
125.4cm 107.9cm (49.37in 42.48in)
Tate Gallery, London
The Elephant Celebes Celebes (or) is a painting from 1921 by German Dadaist and Surrealist Max Ernst. It is among the most famous of the early Surrealist works by Ernst and "undoubtedly the first masterpiece of Surrealist painting in the tradition of De Chirico. It combines the living, the dreamlike atmosphere of Surrealism with the collage aspects of Dada.
Description and influences
Giorgio de Chirico was an inspiration for the early Surrealists, and Celebes palette and spatial construction show its influence. The paint is also applied Dada collage effects to simulate different materials. Ernst realistic portrait of the elements produces a hallucinatory effect which is associated with collage, and was trying to achieve in this table. On the collage technique, Ernst said, "[is] the systematic exploitation of the coincidental or artificially provoked the encounter of two separate realities apparently improper on a plane and the spark of poetry created by the proximity of these realities. "
The focus of the painting is a giant mechanical elephant. It is round and has a trunk like hose that protrudes from it. Corps around the figure is inspired by a photograph in a magazine of anthropology in a cube of clay corn of a tribe of southern Sudan, the Konkombwa. Celebes suggests "the ritual and totemic sculpture of African origin", evidenced by the totem pole as the bull horns right of the figure. The painting uniquely combines found imagery and tribal elements.
Ernst creature has a metal sleeve with ruffles or neck, and a head with horns and tail. Emphasizes the low horizon volume of the creature, and the gesture of the headless mannequin, introduces the audience to the figure. The dummy used a surgical glove, a symbol common surreal. This naked figure may have a mythological connotation, suggesting the Rape of Europa by Zeus, while disguised as a bull. The almost empty sky contains more inconsistencies: two fish "flying" on the left writer (it is considered that the underwater scene). The form black to the right of the fish looks like a plane in the opposite direction, and there is a smoke trail on the right side of the sky. These may be allusions to the terror of the "mechanical the experience of war "that led to writing Ernst," On August 1, 1914 Max Ernst died. raised on 11 November 1918, a young aspiring to find the myths of his time. "Celebes, then, seems to represent the myth of destruction.
"Celebes" was once the popular name the island of Sulawesi, one of the larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia. Penrose said that Ernst Celebes title derives from the opening remarks of a German school rhyme "with sexual connotations:
GrossmamaDer Der Elefant von CelebesHat hinten etwas von gelebesDer Elefant SumatraDer v? Gelt Sena IndienDer Elefant von nicht finden kann das Loch
The elephant [C] elebeshas sticky, yellow elephant Sumatraalways fund greaseThe fucks his elephant grandmammaThe of Indiaca never find the hole has been --
In this context, the totem pole can be interpreted as a phallic symbol.
History
The picture is less common but the original title is Sulawesi, according to the inscriptions on the obverse and reverse of the fabric. Ernst Celebes painted in Cologne in 1921. The French poet and surrealist Ernst UARD Paul visited that year and purchased the painting and took him back to Paris. Eluard could buy other boxes Ernst, and Ernst painted murals Eluard's house in Eaubonne. He held up the collection of Eluard 1938 and then was bought by the English artist Roland Penrose. He has been in the collection of the Tate Gallery, London since 1975 and shown at the Tate Modern. The back of the fabric is decorated with some scribbles that are seemingly unrelated to the subject in front of the material, including two figures holding golf club next to the word "golf".
Sources
^ Ab Wilson, Simon (March 1978). "" Dada and Surrealism Reviewed "at the Hayward Gallery." The Burlington Magazine 120 (900): 178 181184.
^ Jeffett abcdef, William (1990). "Max Ernst" in James Vinson (ed.), International Dictionary of Art and Artists vol. 2, art. Detroit: St. James Press, pp. 86,465. ISBN 1-55862-001-X.
^ Klingseohr ABC-Leroy, Cathrin (2004). Surrealism. Taschen. p.50. ISBN 3822822159.
^ Walther, Ingo F. and Robert Suckale (2002). Masterpieces of Western Art: A History of Art in 900 Individual Studies from the Gothic to the present. Taschen. p.608. ISBN 3822818259.
External Links
Tate Gallery
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